Essay Writing - Why Analyzing Essays and Teaching Writing Has Been So Difficult

Why is it so doggone hard to talk sensibly about essays and to teach how to write them?

Definition Problem & Assumption

The difficulty is reflected admirably in a statement within Wikipedia's coverage on the subject of Essays:

The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story.

And the further we read in that discussion on Essays, the more we are lost in a muddling Valley of Vagueness, even though some specific historical facts are offered to give a false sense of definiteness and a falsely comforting sense of knowledge.

Here's an equally telling definition of "essay" from an Internet dictionary:

A short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author.

If we take the strongest elements from each of those statements, we can come up with: An essay is a vague composition, usually presenting the personal view of the author. Let's focus on the last part of that-the personal view of the author.

There's a HUGE assumption in that phrase. Do you see it? Can you bring that out into the open in your own mind, before I do it for you? Think about it for a moment-and then read on, here.

It's one of those assumptions that, when spelled out, makes all the difference in the world for truly understanding something. And I'm sure that when I point out the very obvious assumption, you'll smack your forehead with your open palm and say, "Right! He's nailed it! That's it! Why didn't I see it?"

Why haven't you, personally, seen what I'm about to tell you? Don't be too hard on yourself-the entire academic community hasn't seen what I'm about to tell you, and they've been wrestling with this problem at least since 1580, when Michele de Montaigne published his two volume work, Essais (French for our English word, Essays; and the meaning of the word is the same in both languages: to try, to attempt).

In fact, as I see it, academics of Western Civilization have actually been struggling with this assumption since a Greek by the name of Gorgias introduced Rhetoric to ancient Athens around 425 B.C.

Assumption Clearly Revealed

Okay, I've dangled the bait long enough.

Here's the assumption in that phrase, the personal view of the author - we assume that the personal view of the author is different from most of the rest of us.

If the author's personal view isn't different or NEW to the rest of us, then why bother with it? We surely don't want someone just repeating back to us what we already think, do we? So the underlying assumption has to be that the author of an essay-or anything else, for that matter-is saying something different or new.

AND THERE'S THE PROBLEM-academics (people involved in formal education and teaching) simply have never presented a way of talking about-of teaching about, across the board on all subjects-what's different or what's new. 'How's that?' you're wondering, no doubt.

Well, do you have-or do you remember coming across, in writing or speaking-a definition of different or new that covers everything? Tall order, right?

Look no further. The following discussion clears up the matter:

You see, the idea of new or different has always been a difficult problem because it's so formlessly vague. New (or different) has simply been a big, black, mysterious, even seemingly magical box that could hold just about anything and everything in it-and did!-because, up to now, we've never had a UNIVERSAL way of distinguishing one kind of newness (or differentness) from another.

However, one thing we do know about newness is that something couldn't be new unless there was something old to compare it to, right? But part of the whole problem is that old is just as formlessly vague as new.

What's missing? Answer: Two helpful sets of categories.

Old View Categories

You see, for something to be new, we must be able to compare it to a former version or type that is accepted by the reading or listening audience as old. You know the old saying, "You can't explain color to a blind man."

That is, if there's nothing shared to compare something to, you can't talk about it to someone who hasn't seen or experienced anything that is "like" it. All you can really say is, "Like wow, man!"-and doesn't that just electrify you and make your hair stand on end with insight! Here's what I see as the full list of old view categories:

• values
• expectations
• experiences
• reasoning
• language

We can't say anything without using these in basic, everyday communication-especially in essays.

New View Categories

Now, here's where old meets new. Through years of study and research, I've found that you can change an old view in one or more-or some combination-of the following five major ways to make it "new:"

• reverse
• add
• subtract
• substitute
• rearrange

That seems like an absurdly small number to cover all things new, doesn't it? Well, try it out yourself--just think of something new, identify the old that it's related to, and you'll see one or more of those new view categories in use (excepting merely "recent," of course; in such cases, the only difference is that something old has happened nearer in time).

At first, I doubted that small list. One word that gave me a brief hang-up was synthesis. But as I researched and thought more and more about it, I found that to explain synthesis you have to use words like blend, integrate, and merge. With those and similar words, it always comes down to put together in some special way-which is the same as add together. That's simply the add category of new views.

The word analysis gave me similar trouble. But I found that analysis was actually a form of the subtract category, with which you subtract parts from the whole to study the functioning of the whole through its parts.

Conclusion

Hmmmmm. I could bore you with a lot of detail-oriented analyses of published essays and student essays that use the old view categories and the new view categories. But I'm not going to do that because it would take away from the idea-level strength of the major insight I'm expressing here. If you are interested in such proofs, go out and look up on the Internet some widely anthologized essays, such as these:

• Politics and the English Language by George Orwell
• The Abstraction of Beasts by Carl Sagan
• The Eureka Phenomenon by Isaac Asimov
• The Nature of Scientific Reasoning by Jacob Bronowski
• Thinking As a Hobby by William Golding

All the essays in the list above do unmistakably first state the old view very early on (in Sagan's essay, it's the very first sentence) and then follow up quickly with a statement of the new view (a new view reverse category of the old view value category; published essays practically always have a reverse new view). Then each of them follows with support of the new view in the form of stories, examples, and reasoning. That's always the pattern.

A couple of these five essays play a little loosely with the pattern, but you can still see the pattern for all that. But the more closely and clearly an essay follows the pattern, then the more easy it is to follow and to understand. That's always the case, too.

You simply can't get away from the pattern of old view first, then new view reverse of the old view, and then support for the new view.

Interestingly enough, that very same pattern occurs in short stories, novels, and poetry-with an important twist that entices you to read through to the story's end.

But that 'twist' should be the subject of another article or essay or book, now, shouldn't it?

And it is.

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Essay Writing - 6 Common Types

Students often have essay writing activities in almost all of their subjects. The initial step is usually to decide on what topic to discuss. But the next big decision that essay writers confront is what type of essay to employ. What technique works for the selected topic? What kind of writing style is suitable? What tone is efficient?

In choosing what essay type is appropriate to use, students need to fully understand the difference between each type. Here are the common types of essays that can help students on their paper writing activities:

1. Persuasive or argumentative essay

A persuasive or argumentative essay makes a claim or position regarding a subject for the main purpose of persuasion. It is usually presented with statistics, expert opinions, and well-supported arguments about a claim or controversy. In using an argumentative tone in essay writing, it is essential that the issue to be discussed is two-sided wherein the writer takes a stand. Also, the main argument must be clear, exact, and highly focused.

2. Comparison and Contrast essay

This type of essay writing takes two subjects and identifies their similarities and differences. A good comparison and contrast paper possesses a valid basis for comparison - a limited focus and catchy information. In writing essay using compare and contrast, it is vital that the purpose for comparing and contrasting the two subjects is made clear. This purpose is crucial because it provides focus to the paper.

3. Descriptive essay

Descriptive essays' aim is to provide a vivid picture of a certain person, place, object, or event. It offers concise details that enable the readers to imagine the subject described. Generally, descriptive essays explain the "what, why, when, where, and how" of a topic.

4. Definition essay

Definition essay writing demands writers to present a meaning of a term that goes beyond the objective definition offered in the dictionary. Essay writers need to provide a more focused and exact description of the term than what is offered in reference sources.

5. Narrative essay

A narrative essay tells a story in a sequence of events. This type of essay is told from a defined point of view, often the author's. It offers specific and often sensory details to get the reader involved in the elements and sequence of the story. Verbs must be vivid and precise.

6. Evaluation essay

The prime purpose of this essay writing style is to form judgment on certain ideas, places, services, etc. basing on clear-cut criteria. An informed opinion is critical to the development of this essay. It is important to use facts, statistics and other authoritative resources to establish and organize the criteria to present a substantial analysis and evaluation.

Essay writing is just one tough kind of various paper writing activities. Students usually ask for professional essay help to assist them on what type of approach or style to use in their composition.

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Essay Writing Tips - Creating a Compelling Introduction

When it comes to writing essays, many would argue that the introduction is the key to whether your essay is a success or failure. The introduction should serve to inform, inspire and potentially educate the reader, but this is only possible if the introduction is written in such a way that it can be deemed compelling. How you achieve this will obviously depend to some extent on the subject matter but there are some key points to consider, no matter what the subject, which could help you to achieve the compelling introduction to open your essay.

Firstly, remember that your introduction doesn't need to be, and indeed shouldn't be too lengthy. Using excess words or developing topics or themes too thoroughly at this stage will leave you struggling to write original content later on in your essay, when the arguments need to be powerful and thought provoking. If you explain all your theories and ideas in the first paragraph the reader will have no reason to read on. Furthermore, succinct writing, especially in the introduction allows for a clear background to your essay to be established.

Background information is essential for any sound essay, and the introduction is the point at which this information should be entered. Providing a background to your question, hypothesis and research will allow your essay to be set in context, making it a far more compelling read.

Once you have laid out the background, you should then briefly mention the key points of your essay, consider what you are trying to prove or disprove. If your argument is countered or supported by other research, state how your work will differ or show similarities to these schools of thought.

Having informed the reader about the background, and stated your key arguments you can then go on to explain exactly how your essay will be developed in terms of research techniques, literature reviews, experiments, and analysis. Again, be sure not to reveal all of the secrets of your essay in your introduction, just enough to inform, enlighten and encourage the reader to want to find out more.

Remember that if you're trying to get someone to want to read your work, it helps if you actually want to write it in the first place; therefore before you start any writing, make sure your essay is dealing with a topic that interests you. This will then come across in your writing and will help to make not only a compelling introduction but a compelling essay in its entirety.

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IELTS Essay Writing Tips

One of the major problems students face while writing an essay is the lack of subject matter. They can't find anything to write about the subject. This is natural and can be remedied by reading extensively.

Bacon says: 'Reading maketh a full man.' People who read extensively fill their mind with a lot of facts, thoughts and general information. If you want to write good essays, you must cultivate the habit of reading. Don't just read for amusement. You must also read books of history, travel, biography and science. Fill your mind with fine thought and accurate information. Then you will have plenty to write about any given topic.

Observe

Keep your eyes and ears wide open and learn from the world around us. Practice writing short descriptions of what you see in everyday life. For example, try writing about the people you meet, beautiful scenery and interesting experiences. The more you write, the better you become at writing.

Understand the subject

While writing the essay, the first thing you need to do is to define the subject. It is important that you have a clear and accurate conception of the subject before you start writing. Some subjects are so simple that you can start writing right away. Others require careful analysis.

Collecting materials

Once you have got a clear idea of the subject, the next step is to think about what you can say about it. Essays asked on the IELTS test don't require you to do any extensive research on the subject. All that is required is a little reflection on the given subject. Do not attempt to write the essay, before you have collected sufficient materials. Some students start writing with the first thing that comes to their mind. This is not always a good idea, especially when you write your essay on a paper. This approach will require extensive editing because ideas are unlikely to flash through your mind in the order they should appear in your essay.

A good idea is to jot down your points first. Then arrange them in the proper order. Once you have done that you can start developing each point into one or more paragraphs.

Order

An essay should follow an ordered line of thought. If ideas are not presented in a logical order, it will not make much sense. Before you start writing, make an outline showing the order in which each sub-topic is going to be developed.

Brevity

Your essay should be neither too short nor too long. There is no strict rule regarding the size of an essay - it usually depends up on the nature of the subject. Express your ideas clearly and concisely. Don't add unnecessary words with the objective of making the essay long.

Style

The essay must be written in a dignified and literary style. Avoid using slang or colloquial expressions in your essay. At the same time, don't commit the mistake of writing the essay in a style that is nearly impossible to follow. Instead, use simple and direct language and sentence patterns.

The personal touch

An essay should reveal the personal opinions and feelings of the writer. It should have the writer's individuality in it. If this personal touch is lost, the essay will be colorless and devoid of individuality. Therefore do not be afraid to express your views and opinions in the essay.

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Essay Writing Tips - How to Close With a Good Conclusion

Academic writing, unlike creative writing, generally follows a set formula, allowing for a clear structure to an essay to act as the backdrop to your argument(s). Often, your course guidelines or essay title will define this structure but it will generally involve an introduction, some background to the main arguments, perhaps through a literature review, some analysis and then a conclusion. Although all of these elements are important in their own right, many would consider that a good conclusion is the mark of a good essay. The reason for this is that all of the earlier elements such as the introduction, hypothesis and analysis, are all reiterated within the conclusion, making the conclusion the summary of all of your research, theorising and review.

In order to create a good conclusion therefore the first rule is to ensure that all of the contributing elements are sound. Structuring your conclusion around weak evidence or research will mean that you will not be able to conclude anything with any real conviction. Secondly, a good conclusion must be relatively succinct. It is not necessary to totally re-write earlier sections of your essay or dissertation, you should merely draw out the key facts, pulling them all together into a sensible order. And finally, your conclusion should definitely summarise something, even if that is just to say that from the work you have carried out to date it is impossible to conclude in favour of one theory or another. This type of uncertain conclusion should not be considered a weak conclusion, providing that all of the contributing evidence suggests that your conclusion is in fact the right one.

It is very often the case that with lower level academia, or early research pieces, academics will identify gaps in their research that would need to be addressed in further study thus leading to an 'inconclusive conclusion'. In the same way the author may identify flaws in the practical execution of data analysis, perhaps realising biased interview questions, or closed interview questions that do not allow for the appropriate responses to be obtained. If this is the case then results may be skewed or the writer may be unable to draw any sensible conclusions. As long as you are able to convey all of this information then your conclusion can still be classed as a good one. Clearly, however, the ideal situation is that all of your work leading up to the conclusion is robust enough to allow you to draw an evidence-based, definite conclusion that leans one way or another.

Once you have written your conclusion then you should check your entire essay for spelling and grammar mistakes, and that you have followed the required style and referencing guidelines throughout. And most importantly double-check that your conclusion really does conclude something!

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Essay Writing - Using Reasoning to Support the Thesis

Reasoning satisfies the human need for justification and a sense of 'rightness' that all intelligent communication needs, especially in an essay.

What is "reasoning," anyway? When talking about the meaning of reasoning, we can get into confusing philosophical issues much too quickly. So let's start with a down-to-earth definition of reasoning as a process---

Reasoning involves a conscious attempt to discover what is true and what is best. Reasoning thought follows a chain of cause and effect, and the word reason can be a synonym for cause.

By this definition, reasoning involves cause-and-effect relationships, whether it be a single cause-and-effect relationship or a chain of cause- and-effect relationships. But what is a cause-and-effect relationship?

Cause and effect is a relationship in which one thing, called the cause, makes something else happen, and that "something else," that result, is called the effect. For example, a boy hits a ball with a bat and the ball goes through a window, breaking it. In this instance, the cause is the boy hitting the ball, and the effect is breaking the window.

Cause-and-effect reasoning is something we all use every day, whether we're particularly conscious of it or not. So I'm sure you'll recognize these common, informal rules of cause and effect:

1. Sequence--- The cause comes first, and the effect follows after.

2. Present--- When the cause is present, the effect is always present.

3. Absent--- When the cause is absent, the effect is always absent.

Now, here's a true, commonly accepted, yet typically loose, example of those rules being applied to an historical situation---

For centuries in Europe, only white swans were ever seen. All sightings, records, and information on swans in Europe showed that they were always white. So it was okay to assert as a truth that, "All swans are white." (Another way to put it: "If it's a swan, it's white.")

The cause in this instance is this: Ever since Europeans had kept and tracked records---anecdotes, diaries, family hand-me-down stories, histories, journals, legends (local, regional, cultural), memoirs, myths, oral history storytelling---they had known swans as only white. No other color of swan had ever been known in Europe, and no world traveler had ever brought word from their travels to Europe that there was ever a swan of any other color than white.

Because of all that experience and evidence, the effect was that Europeans believed that all swans everywhere in the world were white. It was good reasoning, based on centuries of accumulated evidence throughout an extensive geographical region and across varied cultures.

But guess what? A Dutch explorer, Willem de Vlamingh, discovered a black swan in Australia in 1697, undoing centuries of European observation, experience, and thought involving the color of swans.

One lesson from the black swan incident is that reasoning does work most of the time, but not always, because we cannot actually examine all the world on any particular question or fact (at least, not yet; but the world's sciences and technologies do keep advancing, however... ). And that's what it takes to authoritatively say, "always present" or "always absent." Of course, in the absence of having all knowledge, all of us will continue using reasoning to help fill in our gaps of knowledge, and that's why it's so important to understand the proper use of reasoning in essays.

Let's look at three popular essays to see how they use cause-and-effect reasoning rules to support their original ideas, or new view thesis statements. Let's start with the simplest essay, George Orwell's "Politics and the English Language" (you can bring up free Internet copies of each of these essays by putting quotes around their titles in Google).

In his essay, George Orwell presents his new view of a reverse cause and effect in his second paragraph:

If one gets rid of these [bad language] habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concern of professional writers.

Let's break that down into a series of causes and effects:

CAUSE: If one gets rid of these [bad language] habits

EFFECT: one can think more clearly,

CAUSE: and to think clearly is a necessary first step towards

EFFECT: political regeneration

We should add this, too, to clearly establish the old view---

CAUSE: political regeneration is a necessary step towards

EFFECT: reversing the decadence and collapse of civilization

..................(reverse of the accepted old view that language must degenerate and collapse, along with civilization)

As you can see, that first EFFECT becomes the second CAUSE, and that second EFFECT becomes the third CAUSE, which forms a short chain of cause-and-effect reasoning.

Now let's see how well Orwell fulfills the rules of cause and effect to support the new view in his thesis:

Sequence--- first, get rid of bad language habits

........................(WEAKLY SHOWN by two small examples)

........................after, think clearly and reverse civilization's decadence

........................(NOT SHOWN by any story or example; merely asserted as true)

Present--- when good political language usage is present,

...................clear thinking and improving civilization is always present

...................(NOT SHOWN by any story or example; asserted as true)

Absent--- when good political language usage is absent,

..................clear thinking is always absent

..................(many old view examples show clear thinking as always absent)

Did you notice that I entered "WEAKLY SHOWN" for the first part of the Sequence rule, based on Orwell's following two brief examples of getting "rid of bad language habits"--

Two recent examples were explore every avenue and leave no stone unturned, which were killed by the jeers of a few journalists.

As far as showing how those two examples had the effect of helping politicians "think clearly and reverse civilization's decadence" for the after part of the Sequence rule, that's definitely "NOT SHOWN." No stories or examples or reasoning is provided to support that effect.

And "NOT SHOWN" for the Present rule? Whoa! Orwell does not use any stories or examples or specific speculations to show that what he is proposing actually works or will work-or even has worked at any time or place in history.

And, although Orwell shares his 6-item formula for getting rid of bad language usage towards the end, he supplies no story or example or specific speculation to show any of those suggestions really working or actually having some sort of positive effect.

Wow! How does he get away with that? Why don't we notice that when we're reading his essay?

After much thought, I think I discovered the reason-it's the amount of time Orwell spends propping up his old view with all those examples of poor language usage by politicians.

We can see what he is saying is true about each one of those examples. But there are so many of them that it's-well, it's very much like a slick salesman who bends our ear with such a torrent of words that we get mentally tired trying to follow what he's saying. And then we're just grateful to get to the end of all the talk, without mentally filtering all the reasoning of what's being said.

I think that's it. However, I honestly don't think Orwell was trying to put anything over on us. He just didn't have examples of the effects of his new view thesis to share with us because what he was suggesting hadn't been implemented by a large group of people yet, so there were no effects to see. And maybe, just maybe, all his examples tired him out, too!

What Orwell should have done is supply some examples of specific effects that he predicts would happen, as well as how they would progressively, logically happen, if his six suggestions were followed. That would have done the trick, I think.

Interesting, don't you agree?

Teachers and publishers, in general, seem to love Orwell's essay despite its faults-why? Because of the important new insight, the new view, that Orwell provides, that's why. Orwell's principle of 'good language makes for good thinking' rings true to all of us, even though his reasoning support for it is rather weak and he provides no new view examples.

Just goes to show you what a truly great new view thesis-plus an overwhelming number of solid old view examples-can do for you, right? (Please see my next article to finish this discussion with the analysis of two more published essays.)

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An Analytical Approach to Essay Writing

Is there really a standard approach on writing essays? If so, how are you going to structure your writing? Do you need to follow some basic rules or guidance to write effectively? Some people sit down and write an essay like they're whipping this afternoon's snack. While there's nothing wrong with that, approaching the task analytically will probably do most students better.

When instructors give essay assignments, they're hoping to witness how you engage your cognitive responses. Most students attempt to demonstrate their abilities at recall, comprehension and application. Problem is, teachers usually look for more than that. They want you to introduce elements of analysis, synthesis and evaluation into your essays too. In my opinion, that is best achieved with a conscious, analytical approach.

• An analytical approach to essay writing breaks down the job into various steps:
• Analyze the different concepts that pertain to the subject.
• Synthesize various ideas and evidences, relating one to the other in a cohesive whole.
• Construct consistent and well-supported arguments using those synthesized concepts.
• Write about the issue, discussing it in a manner that is balanced and fair.
• Evaluate ideas and arguments opposing your own, ultimately integrating them as part of your discussion.
• Making judgments and expressing a clear, well-reasoned opinion.

Going this route, you keep yourself from focusing too much on the recall, comprehension and application parts of the essay, going deeper into the issuesby accessing more complex thought processes. How about the writing part? Just do your best and arm yourself with your favorite software for writing to help you. You'll be fine.

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Essay Writing - Newness Not Taught in Textbooks Or By Teachers

Let me tell you, up front, the most important thing in writing:

.................................................................What's new to the reader.

"Big deal!" you may say. "My English teacher tells me that kind of stuff all the time! She's constantly saying, 'Tell me something NEW and INTERESTING! Show me that you're thinking for yourself!'

"Oh, yeah-----she also says, 'And remember Thoreau and Walden Pond! Simplify! But for pity's sake, above all, be sure you say something NEW!'"

Oh-----so "What's new to the reader" doesn't sound especially new to you, is that it?

All righty, then-----Let me ask you just six questions to clarify why what your teacher said about writing something new has always frustrated you (right?) and to demonstrate why that advice (from the best textbooks out there) never really helped you:

• Does she show you a process for getting "what's new?"
• Does she define newness in terms of what's old?
• Does she teach the five major kinds of OLD that NEW can't exist without?
• Does she tell you the five major different kinds of NEW?
• Does she show you how everything in writing relates directly to What's new to the reader?
• Does she point out how and where What's new to the reader is used all the time by writers of published essays, short stories, and novels?

See what I mean? But let's not blame the teacher-----that's the way she was trained.

Teachers aren't the only ones who are vague about newness in writing. Several supposed writing scholars have told me that newness in writing is taught in many modern composition textbooks. Funny thing, though-----these supposedly knowledgeable scholars all recommend books and assure me that the principle of newness is already taught in those books, but when I dutifully read the books they recommend, I can't find what they say should be there.

For instance, one of those recommended books that didn't deliver on teaching newness is They Say, I Say (2006) by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. These authors actually deny that they provide anything but forms or templates, leaving content and newness up to the writer to generate. Here's what they say on page 11 of their book:

Furthermore, these templates do not dictate the content of what you say, which can be as original as you can make it, but only suggest a way of formatting how you say it.

As you can clearly see from this quote, the authors straightforwardly admit that the templates they teach are only for "suggest[ing] a way of formatting" (form) and have nothing to do with generating content and newness.

The strangest referral I've had from a writing scholar was to the entire work of Professor John Swales, a noted linguist who has worked mainly with genre analysis in applied linguistics. After I made some unsuccessful research attempts to find a process of newness taught in his works, I found his address and emailed Professor Swales directly.

Professor Swales graciously replied that my informant was "misinformed," although he admitted that the informant might be referring to his studies on introductions,

and how they try to establish a gap in previous knowledge in order to pave the way for saying that the upcoming contribution offers something new.

Professor Swales referred me specifically to his book, Genre Analysis (1990), Chapter 7, Research articles in English, Introductions, pages 137-166. In Chapter 7, he does indeed spend about thirty pages to refer to newness, but only in terms relating to creating contexts to introduce significant, relevant newness. There you have it-----"establish a gap" to "pave the way for saying that the upcoming contribution offers something new," very similar to They Say, I Say-----form, not generating newness of content.

Another book I've been referred to incessantly is The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing. That is a fine book, and it does refer to newness. But, also like so many other writing textbooks, it still does not provide a process for generating newness, nor does it acknowledge the fundamental centrality of newness to every thesis and to all the support for it in every essay. In short, newness gets less attention than topic sentences or paragraph development.

You see, it doesn't matter how rhetorically correct an essay is, or even whether it is impeccably organized and grammatically perfect---if the thesis and the support for it are not new to the reader, then that essay is a failure.

Teachers of writing should focus students on the single most important principle in writing essays and everything else-----

.................................................................What's new to the reader.

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Essay Writing Tips - Improve Writing Speed Effortlessly

Writing is fun, especially when you are to write essays about something you are familiar with. The only problem is although you know what to write about, you don't know where to start. This in the long run adds up to the effort you release when staying long in front of your PC and type nothing. So how will you fix this problem? Worry no more. Here are some Tips for Essay Writing to Improve Writing Speed you can always find refuge with, when you happen to be stocked on just the ideas.

When you write essays, you do it for a reason. It may be because of an assignment or you're just another writer that would like to write about anything you experience. Essay writing is easy when you focus on the title as provided by your professor or the particular occurrence that led you to grab that pen and paper. You need to start by answering the issues and concerns why you are writing and set it as your introduction. Research is a great way to improve essay writing speed. If you are making academic papers, it is best to consult the library and the online search engine, properly cite them in your essay and give out your opinion. You will be surprised on how much analysis you can write in your paper; it will server as the body of your essay. Don't be afraid to express your opinion. This makes you own what you write.

For the conclusion, you can improve essay writing speed for that part, by simply giving out what you would you like your readers to remember about your essay. When you are comparing about two things, and you agree with one of the options, you should finalize your essay by specifically revealing where your point comes from. Be concrete and avoid plagiarism. Remember, what you write describes you.

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Successful Steps to Good Essay Writing

Often students try to avoid essay writing in their normal study course. However, they forget that essay writing is the most important part of the curriculum. Today due to competition there is a high expectation from students. With the burden of academic subjects, students often become careless about essay writing. They do not get enough time to think about developing a good essay writing skill.

However, with the advent of technology, things have become quite easy for students. The online essay writing services educate the students how to write a good essay.

Consider these simple steps and become a professional essay writer:

1. Consider essay as a process and not a task bounded with deadlines. You have to consider reading, thinking, planning and organizing your thoughts. You have to understand the topic and study about the topic. Primary research is very important before drafting your thoughts. Once you are finished with research process, start thinking creatively about the topic and make notes or pointers, which will help you during documentation process.

2. The blank screen or paper in front of you while drafting essay is the most difficult part of the process. You must sketch out a plan before writing. Once you have written down your points, start assembling these points. Give each point a logical heading; this will help you to elaborate your points. These will later develop into paragraphs of your essay.

The most important subheads will include:

An introduction, which will explain the sources of your study

Main body, which is an analysis of your topic. It will include the opinions, comments and findings. You can quote about some scientific research or media studies.

Conclusion is where you force the reader to accept your points. You can conclude with quotes or even end with a question that will boggle reader's mind.

All these points will give you an outline to your essay writing. Do not stick to one point. This makes the reader disinterested in your writing.

3. Your correct English is the most compelling part of essay writing. Use simple but correct English. Your essay may not be flowery in writing but must have substance in the subject. If it is argumentative, you must collect enough data to make it genuine. To improve on these points you must read many editorial sections from magazines or newspapers.

4. Try to make a rough draft of your essay before submission. You must read it aloud and look for any changes if required. If your essay is long or it is a dissertation, you must prepare small drafts of paragraphs and then try to focus on each paragraph. Try to make pointers on these paragraphs, which will help you during the assembly of all paragraphs. Do not lose track of your point or argument. In case if you are lost, refer to points.

5. Essays are small samples of knowledge. You cannot elaborate on an endless discussion. You must give it a strong voice and back up with supportive arguments and discussions. The essay must invoke reader's thought process. Keep everything in moderation. Do not lose your focus.

Essay is an array of thoughts and ideas. Right alignment of thought process with strong command over English develops a person from good essay writer to professional essay writer.

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Good Essay Writing Techniques

In its loosest definition, a written essay is any short piece of nonfiction. In a more specific definition, an essay goes beyond the mere facts of a newspaper article and includes analysis of facts and opinion about them. Essay writing is an essential skill and is taught in almost all middle schools and high schools. While almost anyone can write an essay, good essay writing is a rarer skill.

There are several different types of essays: formal or informal, personal or impersonal. Subject matter can range from personal experiences to literary criticism to analysis of current news events. An essay can compare similarities and differences between two or more books, movies, or events. It can explore causes and reasons for current or historical events, or recount lessons learned from significant life experiences. Good essay writing can be merely descriptive, but the best essays are also persuasive.

A very basic form of essay is the five-paragraph theme, which is taught in most high schools. It is very structured and formulaic:

Paragraph 1: begins with a statement of the topic and a description of how it will be discussed. It will list three aspects or points about the topic that will each be treated in a separate following paragraph. The first paragraph should move from a general statement to specific details.

Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4: each paragraph covers one of the three points outlined in paragraph 1.

Paragraph 5: summarizes the points covered in the earlier paragraphs and draws a conclusion about them.

While very common and useful in many situations, the five-paragraph format can be limiting. Some topics have more than three sub-topics that need to be discussed. In order to cover a subject in depth, such as in a college-level term paper or thesis, five paragraphs simply aren't enough.

All good essays have three main parts: an introduction, an argument, and a conclusion. The introduction contains a thesis statement which describes the subject of the essay and how it will be treated. The introductory section outlines the basics of the argument that will be discussed in detail in the following section. Good essay writing uses the introduction to grab the readers' attention and pique their interest in the topic. It draws readers in and makes them want to read what follows.

The argument section includes factual material but goes beyond the facts to analyze relationships, relative importance, causes and effects, or the impact of events on the people involved. The argument can have as many sub-points as necessary to thoroughly cover the subject. The word "argument" as used here does not mean hostile confrontation; rather, it is simply the outline of the writer's point of view. The argument section explains the writer's view, and may or may not attempt to convince the reader to adopt it.

After fully developing the argument, a good essay ends with a conclusion section. In the conclusion the main points of the argument are reviewed and summarized, and ideally tied together. This is where lessons learned will be described and the importance of the topic emphasized. The conclusion is the writer's last opportunity to persuade the reader.

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How to Write Essays - 4 Easy Essay Writing Tips

f you've been consistently struggling with how to write essays, this article will show you four easy steps to writing consistently high quality essays. The main things you need to focus on are the essay subject, the opening paragraph, the overall structure of the essay, and your essay content and analysis. This article also provides links to two excellent resources for essay writing.

1. Picking a Subject for Your Essay

The first step when working out how to write essays is to decide what your subject or theme will be. Knowing the subject of your essay enables you to focus your efforts. You can immerse yourself in finding out all there is to know about a particular topic without any chance of getting distracted.

If possible, pick a subject you are interested in, because this will make writing the essay much easier. Even if you have been given a topic, try and find an 'angle' to it that has some interest to you. Good resources for essay material are the internet, written or e-books, journals or even interviews of people versed in your chosen subject.

Once you have found your topic, the next thing to focus on is the structure of your essay.

2. Structuring Your Essay

A vital part of learning how to write essays is to understand the importance of structure. Structure helps the reader to understand where your essay is going and what you are trying to tell them. Think of the structure as a 'framework' around which you can build your writing,

Firstly, while researching your topic, write down the main points in dot point form, using only a few words - these will form the main structure for your essay. It doesn't matter much at this stage what order they are in - you can sort that out later.

Under each main point, jot down 2 or 3 sub points that go into a bit more detail about that particular aspect of your essay.

Once you have this basic structure in place, you can start thinking about how many words to write for each part of your essay.

3. Number of words in your essay

This is a very important aspect of how to write essays. Let's say you have 2000 words to write for the whole essay and 5 main points, with 2 subpoints for each. Remember that you will also need an introductory and concluding paragraph, so that makes it about 12 paragraphs in total. This means you will need to write about 150-200 words per paragraph or sub point. Once you start to break it down in this way, you can see that learning how to write essays is not overwhelming - all you have to do is write a short piece of text for each of the ideas you are presenting.

Once you have the structure written down in note form, with the number of words for each paragraph, you can start to work on the details of your essay content.

4. Essay Content and Analysis

Look at what you have read for each of the main points of your essay and work out how you can talk about it in your own words, or in a more informative way. Look at your essay research notes and decide for yourself if the writers have made claims which, in your opinion, lack substance. If necessary, compare different claims and write down which of them is more valid, in your opinion, and explain why to your reader. Remember that each paragraph needs to lead into the next. This 'smooths out' the structure and helps the essay to 'flow' better.

Analysis can be a challenging thing to tackle when you are first starting to learn how to write essays, but it is well worth persevering with because it will make your essays much more worthwhile and readable.

Conclusion

In this article you have seen there are only four steps to writing a great essay. Learning how to write essays is an important part of improving your communication skills. It will be time well spent and there are many tools available to make your task much easier.

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Analysis Essay

This type of analysis paper will have to be done by deciding to write on a topic that you have a passion about it. The next thing you will have to do is to establish a reason why you will want to analyze the topic and you will finally establish a manner for analyzing your subject matter.

You will either be given a topic or may be left to select a topic. If you are given a topic, you should begin by exploring the topic from all angles. The easiest way to make the topic your own is by questioning the topic. Make sure you know what the topic demands from you and make sure you have the response and can conveniently use it to build a good analysis. If you are to choose a topic, your search should fall on an area in which you have firsthand knowledge about it. Remember that a careful analysis will not be feasible if you fail to know everything about your topic. Always commit to mind the principle of knowing everything about your topic, rather than a bit of everything about the topic.

After you have settled the problem of deciding on what to write, your next worry should be deciding why you will want to make the analysis. Remember that whenever you are asked to make an analysis, you must have a purpose in analyzing that particular thing. Your main aim should be analyzing in order to bring out something that is either not known, or that is commonly not known by the readers. For this reason, it is always advisable to use an outline in writing your paper or use a rough draft ahead of coming up with the final paper.

The next step will be deciding on a principle of making the analysis. The obvious principle will be breaking down your complex topic into something simple. You will have to break down your analysis into smaller parts for easy understanding. Remember that the various parts will also be determined by how much you will want to say about your topic. Also make sure you have all the necessary information to build every part of your analysis.

You should also not forget that in analyzing, you will have to let the readers know why you have decided to break the work into portions. You will also have to furnish them with a detailed definition of everything represented in all of the parts of your analysis.

Analysis essay should be concluded with a thorough revision and editing. Remember that you have broken down your topic into separate parts. At the end of your paper, you will have to determine if every single part makes sense on its own and when linked to the other parts. Finally, you should make sure all your points are represent as a unified whole.

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How to Structure and Write an Essay - The Conclusion

This is the third and final article I am writing to give simple, easy to follow essay writing tips to international students. I actually run my own website so I'm well qualified to give you some of the main tips I'd say would improve most of the essays we have submitted. My website offers a proofreading and editing service for just £8 for the first 1000 words so if you're still not 100% confident take a look and I'd love to help you towards far more professional results in the future. Today I'm going to discuss how to write a good conclusion. We now have the introduction which identifies the question and how we'll proceed to answer it; we then have our well explained and backed up points set out in paragraphs answering the question and all we need to do now is pull them all together to actually answer the question - this is what the conclusion is there to do. So how do we go about this? First of all I would personally recommend a general review of the points argued - perhaps a statement suggesting what your points seem to have led up to. To support this you will then need to identify those points which you have found are most important to answering the question. You are basically making your overall point and then providing evidence for this from the main body of the text. Once you have done this you are ready to give your subjective opinion in answering the question - be confident in doing this, if your essay is well written the arguments are already there to support the conclusion. Some tips I'd recommend you consider: - Don't summarise your points exactly as you wrote them - your conclusion will summarise the overall answer your essay has pointed towards and therefore only needs to be a few lines long. - It must be logical and clear - don't jumble things up just say where your essay has led and state beyond doubt what you, personally, have come to think having conducted the necessary analysis. - Be confident in yourself - if your essay is good you have presented a well informed argument and within your rights to answer the question yourself.

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SEO Steps for your Own Business Internet

There is a great thrill about internet marketing today. More and more business individuals want to have their part in the booming industry in the cyber world. However, most of these individuals fail in their attempts. Had they lack luck or it’s just the risky nature of the internet world? Most of the time, businessmen focus more in the “earning factors” right away without reviewing the techniques needed for the positive implementation of the SEO process.
Search engine optimization is very crucial in the promotion of your business in the internet, it requires more than the business skills you already harbor in planning a great SEO system. To give you some of the ideas on how to start in this endeavor, here is the list of helpful tips in the SEO industry:

1. Goal setting

In every business around the globe, goal setting is the crucial part in setting your steps in achieving your goal. This is the most basic part in any business. And you might be asking, what the heck is its connection to the SEO industry? Well, it is where your whole SEO goals are rooted. Goal setting is very important to SEO because it deals with the most specific target of people that you want to have a market with.

2. Make an attractive website 

There are different people who will visit your web site or page. According to survey, 65 percent of them are just time consumers and 10 percent of the remaining 35 percent are actual customers. However, the 65 percent of the time consumers are returning visitors if you have an attractive website. Website design is very important in attracting possible visitors and customers. Just like the personality of an individual, first impression last. Website design must be also congruent to the kind of business that you have. It should have a marketing approach which makes visitors stay. Remember, your visitors are your valuable potential customers. Treat them as partners in the promotion of your website or page. They may not buy from you, but the mere fact that they will like and share it with their friends in social media sites is already a plus point in your part.

3. Hire a SEO company

Unless you have the internet marketing skills, the best thing you should do to promote your business online is to hire a SEO company. You must accept that this is not your battle field. You need some allies to invade the cyber world. Best SEO companies know the tricks of the SEO industry. Behind the website designs, there is what we call keyword analysis which ranks your webpage in the search engines like Google. Now, if you don’t have a background in these techniques, you will just be wasting your time and money.
SEO is very important in establishing a god reputation in the internet world. Make the best of it by trusting it to the experts. Remember, this is business and any waste of investment is a profit loss.

Jashon Wills is a business internet expert who writes articles and blogs to inform its readers of the trends and developments in internet marketing. As a freelance writer and online businessman, he aims to provide its readers truthful information about the business industry online. Please read more of his articles at the Broadband Expert website.

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